Bromide in Drinking-water

This World Health Organization (WHO) background document reviews the occurrence, health effects, and regulatory considerations of bromide in drinking water. The publication examines natural sources of bromide, its presence in freshwater, seawater, and desalinated water supplies, and its metabolism and toxicity in humans and laboratory animals. Particular attention is given to bromide’s significance in water treatment, where it can react with disinfectants such as ozone and chlorine to form byproducts, including bromate and brominated disinfection byproducts. The document provides a scientific assessment of bromide exposure and offers guidance for water utilities and regulators seeking to manage bromide-containing water sources while minimizing the formation of potentially harmful treatment byproducts.